Chii Chaunoda Kuziva Nezve Operating Systems?
Zviri Mukati
Ngatitorei miniti kuti ikubatsire kunzwisisa zviri nani sisitimu yako yekushandisa.
Iyo yekushandisa system ndiyo inonyanya kukosha chirongwa chinoshanda pakombuta yako.
Inoshanda sehwaro hwekuti zvimwe zvese zvinoshanda sei.
Chii chinonzi operating system?
An operating system (OS) ndiyo purogiramu huru pakombiyuta.
Inoita mabasa akasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira
Kusarudza kuti ndeapi marudzi e Software unogona kuisa
Kubatanidza maapplication ari kushanda pakombuta chero nguva
Kuve nechokwadi chekuti zvidimbu zvehardware, semaprinta, kiyibhodhi, uye madhisiki edhisiki, zvese zvinotaurirana nemazvo
Kubvumira maapplications akadai semazwi processors, email clients, uye web browser kuita mabasa pahurongwa sekudhirowa mahwindo pachiratidziro, kuvhura mafaera, kutaurirana panetiweki uye kushandisa zvimwe zviwanikwa zvehurongwa semaprinta, uye dhisiki madhiraivha.
Kuzivisa mameseji ezvikanganiso
Iyo OS zvakare inosarudza kuti unoona sei ruzivo uye kuita mabasa.
Mazhinji masisitimu anoshanda anoshandisa graphical mushandisi interface kana GUI, iyo inopa ruzivo kuburikidza nemifananidzo inosanganisira zvidhori, mabhatani, uye dialog mabhokisi pamwe nemazwi.
Mamwe masisitimu anoshanda anogona kuvimba zvakanyanya pane zvinyorwa zvemukati kupfuura mamwe.
Unosarudza sei sisitimu yekushandisa?
Mune mazwi akareruka, kana ukasarudza kutenga komputa, iwe unowanzo sarudza sisitimu yekushandisa.
Kunyangwe iwe uchigona kuchichinja, vatengesi vanowanzo tumira makomputa ane imwe sisitimu yekushandisa.
Kune akawanda masisitimu anoshanda, imwe neimwe iine akasiyana maficha uye mabhenefiti, asi anotevera matatu ndiwo anonyanya kuzivikanwa:
Windows
Windows, ine shanduro dzinosanganisira Windows XP, Windows Vista, uye Windows 7, ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa yevashandisi vekumba.
Inogadzirwa neMicrosoft uye inowanzosanganisirwa pamichina inotengwa muzvitoro zvemagetsi kana kubva kune vatengesi vakaita saDell kana Gateway.
Iyo Windows OS inoshandisa GUI, iyo vashandisi vazhinji vanoona zvakanyanya kufadza uye nyore kushandisa pane zvinyorwa-based interfaces.
Mac Os X
Yakagadzirwa neApple, Mac OS X ndiyo inoshanda sisitimu inoshandiswa pamakomputa eMacintosh.
Kunyangwe ichishandisa GUI yakasiyana, ine pfungwa yakafanana neWindows interface nenzira yainoshanda nayo.
Linux uye mamwe UNIX-yakatorwa masisitimu anoshanda
Linux uye mamwe masisitimu anotorwa kubva kuUNIX anoshanda sisitimu anowanzo shandiswa kune akasarudzika nzvimbo dzekushandira uye maseva, akadai sewebhu uye email maseva.
Nekuti dzinowanzo kuomera vashandisi vese kana kuti dzinoda ruzivo rwakanyanya uye hunyanzvi hwekushanda, hadzina kufarirwa nevashandisi vepamba pane dzimwe sarudzo.
Nekudaro, sezvavanoenderera mberi nekuvandudza uye kuve nyore kushandisa, vanogona kuve vakakurumbira pane akajairwa mushandisi masisitimu epamba.
Operating Systems vs. Firmware
An uchishandisa maitiro (OS) ndiyo inonyanya kukosha system software inobata zviwanikwa zvesoftware, Hardware, uye inopa masevhisi akajairwa kumapurogiramu emakombuta. Uyezve, inobata maitiro ekombuta uye ndangariro, pamwe nekutaurirana nekombuta usingazive kutaura mutauro wemashini. Pasina OS, komputa kana chero mudziyo wemagetsi haubatsiri.
Komputa yako OS inodzora zvese zvemahara uye software zviwanikwa pakombuta. Iyo yakawanda yenguva kune akawanda makomputa mapurogiramu anomhanya panguva imwe chete, uye ese anoda kuwana iyo yepakati yekugadzirisa unit (CPU), kuchengetedza, uye ndangariro yekombuta yako. Iyo OS inotaurirana nezvese izvi kuti ive nechokwadi chega chega chinowana chainoda.
Kunyangwe risingazivikanwe izwi senge Hardware kana software, firmware iripo kwese kwese-panharembozha yako, mamaboard yekombuta yako, uye kunyangwe TV yako irimote control. Iyo yakasarudzika mhando yesoftware inoshandira chinangwa chakasarudzika chechidimbu chehardware. Kunyange zvakajairwa kuti iwe uise uye uninstall software paPC yako kana smartphone, iwe unogona chete kashoma kugadzirisa firmware pane mudziyo. Uyezve, unozviita chete kana ukakumbirwa nemugadziri kuti agadzirise nyaya.
Ndeupi Rudzi rweMagetsi eMagetsi Ane Mashandisirwo eSystem?
Vanhu vazhinji vanoshandisa zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi, zvinosanganisira mafoni, makomputa, malaptop, kana zvimwe zvinobata ruoko, nguva nenguva. Uye mazhinji ezvishandiso izvi anomhanya pane OS. Nekudaro, vanhu vashoma chete ndivo vanoziva kugona kweOS uye nei ichiuya isati yaiswa pamidziyo mizhinji.
Nepo iwe uchizowana akawanda malaptop uye maPC ari kushanda paWindows, Linux, kana macOS, mazhinji masmartphones uye mamwe nharembozha angave anomhanya paAndroid kana iOS. Kunyangwe mazhinji OS achisiyana zvakanyanya, kugona kwavo uye chimiro chakafanana zvakanyanya musimboti. Maitiro ekushanda usangomhanya pamidziyo yemagetsi yakajairika yakadai semasmartphone kana makomputa. Midziyo yakawanda yakaoma inomhanyisa OS kumashure.
Kusvika 2019, iyo iPad yakauya neiyo proprietary iOS. Iye zvino, ine yayo OS inonzi iPadOS. Nekudaro, iyo iPod Touch ichiri kushanda paIOS.
Ndeipi Iyo Yakanyanya Yakachengeteka Operating System?
Tichifunga kuti hapana yakakwirira-yekupedzisira paramende kana musanganiswa wakazara wetekinoroji inosarudza uchishandisa maitiro se "kuchengetedzeka zvakanyanya" kupfuura vamwe, ndeipi nzira yakanaka yekupindura mubvunzo uyu?
Pasinei nezvinotaurwa nevamwe vanogadzira OS, chengetedzo haisi paramende yaunogona kumisa muOS. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti kuchengetedza hachisi chinhu chaunogona "kuwedzera" kana "kubvisa". Nepo maficha akadai sekuchengetedza system, codesigning, uye sandboxing ese ari chikamu chekuchengetedza kwakanaka, chengetedzo yebhizinesi ndeye application kana seti yemaapplication inofanirwa kunge iri muDNA yesangano rako.
Kubva ikozvino, OpenBSD ndiyo yakachengeteka zvakanyanya uchishandisa maitiro inowanikwa pamusika. Ndiyo imwe OS yakadaro inovhara zvese zvinogona kuchengetedzwa, pane kusiya gaping chengetedzo kutadza kuvhurika. Zvino, zvinoenderana nemushandisi kuti asarudze nekuziva kuti ndeapi maficha ekuvhura. Izvi hazvingoudze vashandisi kwavanogona kuve panjodzi asi zvakare zvinovaratidza nzira yekuvhura nekuvhara kwakasiyana kusadzivirirwa.
Kana uri munhu anofarira kutamba naye anoshanda masisitimu, OpenBSD ndiyo yakakunakira OS. Kana iwe usingawanzo kushandisa komputa, saka unenge uri nani neiyo pre-yakaiswa Windows kana iOS.
