Intro
Nekudzvanya kushoma padesktop kana mudziyo, munhu anogona kutenga, kutengesa kana kuburitsa chero chinhu, chero nguva. Chaizvoizvo zvinoitika sei? Zvinoita sei ruzivo kubva pano kuenda uko? Iyo gamba risingazivikanwe ndiyo API.
Chii chiri API?
API inomirira an APPLICATION PROGRAMMING INTERFACE. An API inoratidzira chikamu chesoftware, mashandiro ayo, zvinopinda, zvinobuda, uye mhando dzepasi. Asi unotsanangura sei API muChirungu chakajeka? Iyo API inoshanda semutumwa inotamisa chikumbiro chako kubva kune application uye inodzosera mhinduro kwauri.
Muenzaniso 1: Paunenge uchitsvaga ndege online. Iwe unodyidzana newebhusaiti yendege. Webhusaiti inotsanangura zvigaro uye mutengo wendege pazuva iro nenguva. Iwe unosarudza chikafu chako kana pekugara, mukwende, kana zvikumbiro zvemhuka.
Asi, kana usiri kushandisa webhusaiti yakananga yendege kana uye uri kushandisa online yekufambisa mumiriri inosanganisa data kubva kundege dzakawanda. Kuti uwane ruzivo, chishandiso chinopindirana neiyo API yendege. Iyo API ndiyo interface inotora data kubva kuwebhusaiti yemumiriri kuenda kuhurongwa hwendege.
Zvinotorawo mhinduro yekambani yendege uye kuendesa kumashure chaiko. Izvi zvinofambisa kudyidzana pakati pesevhisi yekufambisa, uye 'masystem' endege - kutora ndege. API's inosanganisira raibhurari yemaitiro, data zvimiro, makirasi echinhu, uye akasiyana. Semuenzaniso, SOAP uye REST masevhisi.
Muenzaniso 2: Best Buy inoita Deal yeZuva mitengo yakakosha kuwanikwa kuburikidza newebhusaiti yayo. Iyi data yakafanana iri mune yayo mobile application. Iyo app inonetsekana kwete nezve yemukati mitengo system - inogona kufonera Deal yeZuva API uye kubvunza, chii chakakosha mutengo? Best Buy inopindura neruzivo rwakakumbirwa mune yakajairwa fomati iyo app inoratidza kune yekupedzisira-mushandisi.
Muenzaniso3: APIs yesocial media yakakosha. Vashandisi vanogona kuwana zvirimo uye kuchengeta nhamba yeakaunti uye mapassword avanochengeta yakaderera, saka vanogona kuchengeta zvinhu zviri nyore.
- Twitter API: Bata neakawanda Twitter mabasa
- Facebook API: Yekubhadhara, data yemushandisi, uye kupinda
- Instagram API: Tag vashandisi, tarisa mafoto arikuitika
Zvakadini neREST & SOAP API's?
SOAP uye REST shandisa API-consuming service, inozivikanwa seWeb API. Webhu sevhisi haina kutsamira pane chero ruzivo rwekutanga ruzivo. SOAP iprotocol yewebhu sevhisi iyo yakareruka papuratifomu-yakazvimirira. SOAP ndeye XML-based messaging protocol. Kusiyana neSOAP webhu sevhisi, Restful sevhisi inoshandisa REST dhizaini, yakavakirwa yekunongedzera-kune-nzvimbo yekukurukurirana.
SIPO Webhu sevhisi
- SOAP Sender - kugadzira uye kutumira meseji.
- SOAP Receiver - inowana uye inogadzirisa meseji.
- SOAP Intermediary- inogamuchira uye inogadzirisa misoro yezvivharo.
RESTful Web Service
Representational State Transfer (REST) ine chekuita nehukama pakati pemutengi uye sevha uye nemafambiro anoita nyika. Zororo zvivakwa, iyo REST Server inopa ruzivo rwekuwana kune mutengi. Zororo rinobata kuverenga nekugadzirisa kana kunyora zviwanikwa. Uniform Identifier (URI) inoratidza zviwanikwa zvine gwaro. Izvi zvichabata resource state.
REST yakareruka pane SOAP architecture. Inoparura JSON, mutauro unoverengwa nevanhu unogonesa kugovana data uye nyore kushandisa data, panzvimbo yeXML inoshandiswa neSOAP architecture.
Pane akati wandei misimboti yekugadzira Restful Web Service, ayo ari:
- Addressability - Yese sosi inofanira kunge iine kanenge URL imwe.
- Statelessness - A Restful service ibasa risingaverengeki. Chikumbiro chakazvimirira pane chero zvikumbiro zvekare nesevhisi. HTTP ndeye dhizaini isingaverengeki protocol.
- Cacheable - Dhata yakanyorwa sezvitoro zvinochengeteka musystem uye inoshandiswa zvakare mune ramangwana. Semhinduro kuchikumbiro chimwe chete pane kuburitsa mhedzisiro yakafanana. Cache constraints inogonesa mhinduro yedata yekumaka seinovharika kana kuti isiri-cacheable.
- Uniform interface - Inobvumira yakajairwa uye yakamisikidzwa interface yekushandisa kuwana. Kushandiswa kwemuunganidzwa wakatsanangurwa wenzira dzeHTTP. Kugara neaya pfungwa kunovimbisa, REST kuitiswa kwakareruka.
Zvakanakira zveREST
- Inoshandisa chimiro chakareruka kune meseji
- Inopa kushanda kwakasimba kwenguva refu
- Inotsigira kutaurirana kusina nyika
- Shandisa HTTP zviyero uye girama
- Data inowanikwa sechipo
Zvakaipa zveREST
- Inokundikana mune zviyero zveWebhu sevhisi seSecurity Transactions nezvimwe.
- REST zvikumbiro hazvigoneke
REST vs SOAP Kuenzanisa
Misiyano pakati peSOAP neREST web services.
SOAP Web Service | Rest Web Service |
Inoda mari inorema yekubhadhara zvichienzaniswa neREST. | REST haina huremu sezvo inoshandisa URI yemafomu edata. |
Shanduko mumasevhisi eSOAP kazhinji inotungamira kune shanduko yakakosha mukodhi padivi remutengi. | Mutengi-parutivi kodhi haina kukanganiswa neshanduko mumasevhisi muREST webhu kupa. |
Kudzorera mhando inogara iri XML mhando. | Inopa versatility maererano nechimiro che data rakadzoserwa. |
Iyo XML-yakavakirwa meseji protocol | An architectural protocol |
Inoda raibhurari yeSOAP pamagumo emutengi. | Hapana rutsigiro rweraibhurari inodiwa inowanzo shandiswa pamusoro peHTTP. |
Inotsigira WS-Security uye SSL. | Inotsigira SSL uye HTTPS. |
SOAP inotsanangura kuchengetedzwa kwayo. | RESTful web masevhisi anogara nhaka matanho ekuchengetedza kubva kune iri pasi pekutakura. |
Mhando dze API Release Policies
Mitemo yekuburitsa yeAPI ndeiyi:
Mitemo yekuburitsa yakavanzika:
Iyo API inongowanikwa yemukati mekambani kushandiswa.
Mitemo yekuburitsa shamwari:
Iyo API inowanikwa chete kune mamwe mabhizinesi ekudyidzana. Makambani anogona kudzora kunaka kweAPI nekuda kwekutonga pamusoro pekuti ndiani anogona kuiwana.
Mitemo yekuburitsa pachena:
Iyo API ndeyekushandiswa neruzhinji. Kuvepo kwemitemo yekuburitsa kunowanikwa kune veruzhinji. Muenzaniso: Microsoft Windows API uye Apple's Cocoa.
mhedziso
APIs aripo kwese kwese, ungave uri kubhuka ndege kana kuita zvemagariro media application. SOAP API yakavakirwa paXML kutaurirana, inosiyana neREST API pakuti haidi chero yakakosha gadziriso.
Kugadzira Rest Webhu masevhisi anofanirwa kutevedzera mamwe mazano, anosanganisira addressability, statelessness, cacheability, uye a standard interface. Mitemo yekuburitsa API inogona kukamurwa kuita zvikamu zvitatu: zvakavanzika APIs, shamwari APIs, uye veruzhinji APIs.
Ndinokutendai nokuverenga chinyorwa ichi. Tarisa chinyorwa chedu paNhungamiro ye API Chengetedzo 2022.
